1. A daughter of a coparcener becomes a coparcener by birth in
the same manner as a son. The plea of oral partition cannot be
accepted, as the statute recognises partition, only when it is
effected either by a deed of partition duly registered under the
provisions of the Registration Act, 1908, or by a decree of a
competent court.

2. The rights under the amended Section 6 of the Hindu
Succession Act, 1956 can be claimed even by a daughter born
prior to 09.09.2005, subject to the saving clause contained in
Section 6(1), namely that any disposition or alienation,
partition, or testamentary disposition which had taken place
before 20th December, 2004 shall not be affected.

3. The candidate cannot claim an indefeasible right to the allotment of a seat in the Medical PG course, in which he or she has already taken admission, in view of the amendment to Rule 11 of the Chhattisgarh Medical Post Graduate Admission Rules, 2025.

4. Ordinarily, in matters relating to policy decision, the Courts do not interfere. However, where such policy results in manifest arbitrariness and hostile discrimination, the constitutional Courts are duty bound to step in to ensure fairness and equality in public employment.

5. Pensionary entitlement, particularly where service trajectories
span multiple phases, cannot be determined in absence of a clear, final
and uniform State policy identifying the determinative “date of
appointment” for pension applicability. Policy formulation in such matters
lies within the executive domain, and any decision must be reasoned,
categorical and free from arbitrariness so as to satisfy the constitutional
mandates of equality and fairness under Articles 14 and 16 of the
Constitution of India.

6. Compassionate appointment, being an exception to the general
rule of public employment, is meant only to provide immediate relief to
the family of a deceased employee in financial distress. It is neither a
vested right nor a mode of inheritance, and delay or laches defeats its
very object. Attainment of majority or disputes among legal heirs do not
revive or extend a time-barred claim beyond the limits prescribed under
the governing policy.

7. If the Government takes a step to improve the efficiency of public service by amending the Promotion Rules in exercise of power conferred under Article 309 of the Constitution of India, such action cannot be held to be arbitrary or unreasonable.

8. Any form of custodial abuse or harassment is wholly unacceptable. The police are thus directed to strictly comply with constitutional mandates and binding judicial precedents, especially in cases arising out of trivial or minor public disputes. The object of these directions is to safeguard the dignity and liberty of citizens and to prevent illegal detention, unnecessary handcuffing, public parading, or mental and physical humiliation.

9. Preventive arrest under the BNSS must conform to statutory safeguards and constitutional requirements. Arrest without registration of a cognizable offence, without informing the arrestee of the grounds of arrest, and mechanical remand without application of mind violate Articles 21 and 22(1) of the Constitution of India. Such illegal detention justifies quashment of proceedings and award of compensation as a public law remedy.

10. In a case based on circumstantial evidence, the Courts should adopt a conscientious approach and conviction ought to be recorded only in case all the links of the chain are complete pointing to the guilt of the accused.